How Brexit Affects UK Citizens Moving to Norway

12 February، 2025

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The United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union (Brexit) has significantly altered the rights and obligations of British citizens wishing to live, work, or retire in EU/EEA countries like Norway. Although Norway is not an EU member, it is part of the European Economic Area (EEA) and the Schengen Agreement, meaning many of the changes brought about by Brexit also apply to UK citizens moving to Norway. Below is a detailed breakdown of how Brexit impacts various aspects of relocation and life in Norway for UK nationals.

1. Residency Rights

Before Brexit, UK citizens enjoyed freedom of movement within the EEA, allowing them to settle in Norway without significant restrictions. Post-Brexit, residency requirements have become stricter.

a. Pre-Settled vs. Settled Status

If you were already living in Norway before December 31, 2020, you may qualify for continued residence rights under the Withdrawal Agreement between the UK and the EU/EEA.
Those who arrived after this date must apply for a residence permit through standard immigration procedures.

b. New Applications

UK citizens now need to apply for a residence permit at the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI) before relocating. Upon arrival, they must register with local authorities and obtain a personal identification number (D-number or National Identity Number ).
The process involves providing proof of sufficient financial resources, health insurance, and accommodation.

2. Work Permits and Employment

One of the most significant changes post-Brexit is the requirement for UK citizens to secure work permits to be employed in Norway.

a. Work Authorization

Unlike EEA citizens, UK nationals must now apply for a work permit if their job requires one. Employers must demonstrate that no suitable candidates from the EEA were available for the position before hiring a non-EEA national.
Certain professions, such as healthcare workers, teachers, and IT specialists, may still have easier access due to labor shortages.

b. Self-Employment

Freelancers and entrepreneurs face additional hurdles, as they must prove their business will contribute positively to the Norwegian economy. Documentation such as a business plan and financial statements is often required.

c. Recognition of Qualifications

Professional qualifications obtained in the UK may no longer be automatically recognized in Norway. Individuals in regulated professions (e.g., doctors, lawyers, engineers) must undergo an equivalence assessment to practice legally.

3. Healthcare Access

Healthcare entitlements for UK citizens in Norway have also been affected by Brexit.

a. S1 Forms for Retirees

Pensioners receiving a UK state pension can still access Norwegian healthcare if they hold an S1 form issued by the NHS. This ensures coverage equivalent to that of Norwegian residents.

b. Private Health Insurance

For those not covered by the S1 scheme, private health insurance is mandatory when applying for residency. Without it, your application may be rejected.

c. EHIC Cards

The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), previously used by UK travelers for emergency medical care, has been replaced by the GHIC (Global Health Insurance Card) for British citizens. However, this only covers temporary stays and does not replace comprehensive health insurance for residents.

4. Education Opportunities

Brexit has altered the landscape for UK students and academics seeking educational opportunities in Norway.

a. Tuition Fees

UK students are no longer eligible for reduced tuition fees reserved for EU/EEA citizens. Instead, they must pay higher international student rates at Norwegian universities.

b. Erasmus+ Program

The UK’s withdrawal from the Erasmus+ exchange program means fewer opportunities for British students to study abroad in Norway under this initiative. Some universities have established alternative partnerships, but these are limited in scope.

c. Research Collaborations

While collaborations between UK and Norwegian institutions continue, funding opportunities through EU programs like Horizon Europe may be restricted for UK-based researchers.

5. Family Reunification

Brexit has complicated family reunification processes for UK citizens residing in Norway.

a. Spouses and Dependents

Non-EEA family members of UK citizens must apply for visas and meet stringent criteria, including proof of relationship, financial stability, and health insurance.

b. Dual Citizenship

Some UK citizens opt to acquire Norwegian citizenship to simplify matters for themselves and their families. However, this requires passing language tests and meeting residency requirements.

6. Tax Implications

Tax regulations for UK expatriates in Norway have also evolved due to Brexit.

a. Double Taxation Agreements

The UK and Norway maintain a double taxation agreement, ensuring individuals aren’t taxed twice on the same income. However, navigating tax obligations can still be complex, especially regarding pensions and investments.

b. Inheritance Tax

Inheritance tax laws vary depending on the region of Norway where you reside. UK citizens should consult legal experts to ensure compliance and minimize liabilities.

7. Social Integration

Cultural and linguistic barriers pose additional challenges for UK citizens adapting to life in Norway post-Brexit.

a. Language Proficiency

Learning Norwegian remains critical for integration, as English is less widely spoken outside major cities like Oslo and Bergen.

b. Community Support

Expatriate networks and organizations like Brits in Norway offer valuable support, helping newcomers navigate administrative procedures and connect with others in similar situations.

8. Practical Tips for Moving to Norway Post-Brexit

To mitigate the impact of Brexit, consider the following steps:

Plan Ahead: Start the visa and residency application process early to avoid delays.
Seek Legal Advice: Consult immigration lawyers familiar with Norwegian regulations to ensure compliance.
Learn the Local Language: Enroll in language courses to improve communication and integration.
Join Expat Groups: Leverage online forums and local communities for advice and networking.